Nkibintu bidasanzwe bya kera nuburyo bukoreshwa mubukorikori gakondo bwabashinwa, ikirahure cya kera cyabashinwa gifite amateka numurage ndangamuco byimyaka irenga 2000.
Inkomoko y'ibirahuri by'amabara ntabwo yigeze imera, kandi nta buryo bwo kubigerageza.Gusa inkuru imaze igihe kinini y "" Amarira ya Xi Shi "yatanzwe kugirango yandike igihe cyurukundo ruhoraho.
Dukurikije imigani, mu mpeshyi no mu gihe cyizuba, Fan Li yahaye inkota y'umwami Gou Jian, umwami wa Yue wari usimbuye.Byatwaye imyaka itatu yo kubihimba.Igihe Wang Jian yavukaga, Fan Li yasanze ibintu byifu yuburozi muburyo bwinkota.Iyo yahujwe na kirisiti, yasobanutse neza ariko ifite ijwi ryuma.Umufana Li yizera ko ibi bikoresho byatunganijwe n'umuriro, kandi Yin n'ubwitonzi bwa kirisiti byihishe.Ifite umwuka wa hegemonic winkota yumwami hamwe nuburyo bworoshye bwamazi, aribwo bugerwaho cyane no kurema yin na Yang mwijuru no mwisi.Kubwibyo, ibintu nkibi byiswe "Kendo" maze bishyikirizwa umwami wa Yue hamwe ninkota yumwami yahimbwe.
Umwami wa Yue yashimye uruhare rwa Fan Li mu gukora inkota, yemera inkota y'umwami, ariko asubiza "Kendo" y'umwimerere maze yita ibyo bikoresho by'ubumaji "Li" mu izina rye.
Muri kiriya gihe, Fan Li yari amaze guhura na Xi Shi kandi yatangajwe n'ubwiza bwe.Yatekereje ko ibintu bisanzwe nka zahabu, ifeza, jade na jade bidashobora guhura na Xi Shi.Niyo mpamvu, yasuye abanyabukorikori b'abahanga maze akora "Li" bamwitiriye imitako myiza maze ayiha Xi Shi nk'ikimenyetso cy'urukundo.
Mu buryo butunguranye, uyu mwaka intambara yongeye gutangira.Gou Jian yumvise ko Fu Chai, umwami wa Wu, yatozaga ingabo ze amanywa n'ijoro, agamije gutera leta ya Yue kugira ngo ahorere se, Gou Jian yahisemo kubanza gutera.Impanuro mbi ya Fan Li yarananiwe.Leta ya Yue amaherezo yaratsinzwe kandi hafi yigarurirwa.Xi Shi yahatiwe kujya muri leta ya Wu gushaka amahoro.Igihe cyo gutandukana, Xi Shi yasubije Fan Li "Li".Bavuga ko amarira ya Xi Shi yaguye kuri "Li" maze yimura isi, izuba n'ukwezi.Kugeza magingo aya, turashobora kubona amarira ya Xi Shi arimo.Ibisekuru byaje kubyita "Liu Li".Ikirahuri cyamabara yuyu munsi cyahindutse kuri iri zina.
Mu 1965, inkota ya kera izwi cyane, yamaze imyaka ibihumbi ariko ikarishye nka mbere, yacukuwe mu mva No 1 ya Jiangling, Intara ya Hubei.Urusenda rwinkota rwometseho ibice bibiri byikirahure cyubururu.Ikimenyetso cy'inyoni ku mubiri w'inkota cyerekana neza ko "Gou Jian, umwami wa Yue, ni inkota ikora".Ikirahuri cyamabara cyashushanyije ku nkota ya Gou Jian, umwami wa Yue, nicyo gicuruzwa cyambere cyibirahure byavumbuwe kugeza ubu.Ku bw'amahirwe, ku "nkota ya Fu Chai, umwami wa Wu" iboneka mu Ntara ya Huixian, mu Ntara ya Henan, ibirahuri bitatu bitagira ibara kandi bibonerana byari byanditseho ikadiri.
Ba shobuja bombi mugihe cyimpeshyi nigihe cyizuba, bari barazize ubuzima bwabo bwose, biganje kwisi nibikorwa byabo byiza."Inkota y'umwami" ntabwo ari ikimenyetso cyimiterere gusa, ahubwo banabonaga ko bafite agaciro nkubuzima.Abami bombi b'ibyamamare bahuriranye bafata ibirahuri by'amabara nk'umutako wonyine ku nkota zabo, ibyo bikaba byongeyeho amayobera make ku mugani werekana inkomoko y'ibirahuri by'amabara ya kera y'Abafaransa.
Ntidushobora kwemeza inkomoko yubushinwa bwa kera busize glaze.Hariho imigani myinshi yabantu cyangwa imigani mbere yumugani wamarira ya Xi Shi.Ariko, ugereranije numugani winkomoko yikirahure cyiburengerazuba, umugani wa Fan Li wateye inkota no guhimba ibirahuri byamabara ni romantique mumico yabashinwa.
Bavuga ko ikirahuri cyahimbwe n'Abanyafenisiya (Abanyalibani).Imyaka 3000 irashize, itsinda ryabasare bo muri Fenisiya batwara soda karemano bacanye umuriro ku mucanga wo mu nyanja ya Mediterane.Bakoresheje uduce twinshi twa soda kugirango basunike ibirenge bashiraho inkono nini.Nyuma yo kurya, abantu basanze ibintu bimeze nka barafu mumuriro wumuriro.Nyuma yo kuvanga silika, igice kinini cyumucanga, hamwe na sodium karubone, igice kinini cya soda, yashonga mubushyuhe bwinshi ihinduka ikirahuri cya sodium.
Undi yavuze ko ikirahuri cyaturutse muri Egiputa ya kera kandi cyavumbuwe n'umunyabukorikori w'umunyabwenge kandi witonze mu gihe cyo kurasa ububumbyi.
Mubyukuri, iyo tumaze kubisesengura duhereye ku myigire, iyi migani ihita itakaza ishingiro ryokubaho.
Ahantu ho gushonga kwa silika ni dogere zigera kuri 1700, naho gushonga kwikirahuri cya sodium cyakozwe na sodium nkuko flux nayo igera kuri dogere 1450.Nubwo amakara agezweho yo mu rwego rwo hejuru akoreshwa, ubushyuhe ntarengwa mu itanura risanzwe ni dogere 600 gusa, tutibagiwe n’umuriro mu myaka 3000 ishize.Kubijyanye n'ubushyuhe, gusa inyigisho za kera zo muri Egiputa zirashoboka.
Ugereranije n'imigani y'iburasirazuba n'iburengerazuba, nubwo "igitekerezo cyo gutera inkota" gifite imigani imwe yihariye y'abashinwa n'amabara y'urukundo, iracyafite ikizere cyinshi uhereye kumubiri na chimique.Turashobora kwirengagiza ukuri kwamakuru arambuye, ariko itandukaniro rinini hagati yinkomoko yikirahure cyigifaransa cya kera cyigifaransa nicy'ikirahure cyiburengerazuba dukwiye kwitabwaho cyane.
Dukurikije isesengura ry’ibigize imiti y’ibirahure bitavumbuwe, urujya n'uruza rw’ibirahuri by’Ubushinwa ni "gurş na barium" (byegeranye cyane na kirisiti karemano), mu gihe ikirahure cya kera cy’iburengerazuba kigizwe ahanini na "sodium na calcium" ( kimwe n'amadirishya y'ibirahuri n'ibirahuri bikoreshwa uyumunsi).Muri formula yuburengerazuba, "barium" hafi ya yose ntigaragara, kandi no gukoresha "gurş".Ikirahuri nyacyo kirimo isasu mu Burengerazuba ntabwo cyakoreshejwe cyane kugeza mu kinyejana cya 18, kikaba kimaze imyaka irenga 2000 inyuma y’ikoranabuhanga rya kera ry’Abashinwa.
Turabizi ko ubushyuhe bukenewe mu guta ibikoresho bikozwe mu muringa buri hejuru cyane, kandi nta kibazo na "silicon dioxyde", igice cyingenzi cyo gushonga ikirahure.Icya kabiri, formula yibikoresho byumuringa igomba kongeramo gurş (galena) na tin mumuringa.Barium ni symbiose ya sisitemu ya kera (galena) kandi ntishobora gutandukana, kubwibyo kubana kwa gurş na barium mubirahure bya kera byanze bikunze.Byongeye kandi, ifu yumucanga yakoreshwaga mu gutera inkota mu bihe bya kera yarimo silika nyinshi, igizwe n'ibirahure.Ubushyuhe.Mugihe ibisabwa kugirango flux byujujwe, ibindi byose bizakurikiraho.
Muri monografi nyinshi z'Abashinwa, havugwa ko ikirahuri cy'amabara gikozwe mu kuvanga umubyeyi uzi neza n'amabuye y'ibirahure.
Nk’uko bigaragazwa n’ubucuruzi bwa Qian Weishan, abasenga Treasury ya Chen ni ubutunzi bwa basekuruza ... Niba nyina wikirahure cyamabara ari amafaranga uyumunsi, bizaba binini kandi bito nkibipfunsi byabana.Yitwa kandi ikintu cyurusengero nyacyo.Ariko, irashobora gukorwa muburyo bwa Ke Zi, hamwe nubururu, umutuku, umuhondo numweru ukurikiza ibara, ariko ntibishobora gukorwa wenyine.
Tiangong Kaiwu - Isaro na jade: ubwoko bwose bwamabuye asize hamwe na kristu yo mubushinwa.Fata umujyi umuriro.Bafite ubwoko bumwe ... Amabara atanu yose yamabuye yabo.Iyi miterere yijuru nisi yihishe mubutaka bworoshye.Ibuye risanzwe ryometseho riragenda riba ingume, cyane cyane agaciro.
Ikoranabuhanga rya "gufata iyo kristu no kuyisubiza icyatsi" mu nyandiko zitandukanye za Yan Shan - ikirahure cy'amabara nacyo kigaragaza gukomeza ikoranabuhanga.
Urebye ibisigisigi by’umuco byacukuwe muri iki gihe, igihe ikirahuri cyoroshye cyagaragaye mu Burengerazuba hari nko mu 200 mbere ya Yesu, nyuma yimyaka hafi 300 ugereranije n’igihe ikirahure cy’Abashinwa cyagaragaye, naho igihe ikirahure kibonerana cyagaragaye nko mu 1500 nyuma ya Yesu, imyaka irenga 1000 nyuma yikirahure cya Wu Lord mugihe cyubwami butatu cyanditswe mubitabo.Igihe kirisiti yubukorikori (isa nibigize ibirahuri) yagaragaye muburengerazuba hari nko mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19, nyuma yimyaka irenga 2000 ugereranije no kugaragara kwikirahure cya kera cyabashinwa.
Mu magambo make, imiterere yumubiri wubushinwa bwa kera bwometseho ibikoresho bifite amateka maremare bigomba gusobanurwa nkibintu bisobanutse (cyangwa bisobanutse).Urebye ibisigisigi by’umuco byacukuwe, ibikoresho bya kera byometseho amabuye yavumbuwe muri iki gihe biracyari umutako kuri "Gou Jian inkota y'umwami wa Yue".Kubijyanye nibikoresho, ibirahuri byamabara nibintu bya kera kandi inzira itandukanye rwose na kirisiti nikirahure.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-03-2019